1947---TRUE MAN DOCTRINE' was introduced by the US President HARRY TRUEMAN for the 'containment of communism'.
1947-52--- MARSHALL PLAN introduced by the US to help in the reconstruction of the western Europe.
1948-49---- BERLIN BLOCKADE" by the soviet union, the airlift of supplies to the citizens of the west berlin by the US and its allies.
1950-53---- " KOREAN WAR", division of korea, along the 38th parallel.
1954--- the French defeated by the Vietnam.
1954-75--- America intervenes in Vietnam
1955--- signing of Bagdad pact and CENTO treaty.
1956--- Soviet intervention in Hungary
1961--- US- sponsored Bay of Pigs invasion of cuba. construction of Berlin wall.
1962--- Cuban Missile crisis.
1965--- America intervenes in the Dominican republic
1968--- soviet intervention of Czechoslovakia.
1978-89---- Vietnamese intervention in Cambodia.
1979-89--- VIETNAMESE INTERVENTION IN CAMBODIA
1985--- Mikhail Gorbachev becomes president of the USSR, introduces reform policy.
1989--- fall of berlin wall
1990---- unification of Germany
1991--- disintegration of the soviet union.
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END OF BIPOLARITY
1985- Mikhail Gorbachev elected as the general secretary of the communist party of the soviet union.
+ Boris Yeltstin was appointed as the head of the communist party in MOSCOW.
1988- Independence movement started in Lithuania, which later spread to Estonia and Latvia.
1989- fall of berlin wall
1990- Lithuania the first of the 15 soviet republic declared its independence.
1991- JUNE 1991 (BORIS YELSTEIN BECAME THE PRESIDENT OF RUSSIAN AND LEFT THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY)
- AUGUST 1991 (AN ABORTIVE COUP AGAINST GORBACHEV I.E AGAINST COMMUNIST PARTY)
- SEPTEMBER 1991 (THREE BALTIC REPUBLICS OF ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA BECAME UN MEMBERS)
-DECEMBER 1991 (RUSSIA, BELARUS AND UKRAIN DECIDE TO ESTABLISH THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES. RUSSIA TAKES OVER THE USSR SEAT IN THE UNITED NATIONS)
- 25TH DECEMBER 1991 (GORBACHEV RESIGNED AS THE PRESIDENT OF THE SOVIET UNION. SOVIET UNION CAME TO AN END)
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NEW CENTERS OF POWERS
1948- formation of OEEC
1949- council of Europe was established
1957- formation of EEC
1992- Establishment of European Economic Union
1967- five south East Asian nations: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand led to formation of ASEAN.
1984- Brunei Darussalam joined the ASEAN
1995- Vietnam joined
1997- Myanmar and LAO PDR joined
1999- Cambodia joined
1992- FTA signed on 28th Jan,1992 Singapore.
1994- ARF established
April 1951- the treaty of Paris was signed by six west European countries- France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, West Germany and Luxembourg to establish the European coal and steal community(ECSC).
March 1957- on March 25th treatise of Rome were signed by six countries to establish European Economic community and European atomic energy community (Euratom).
January 1973- European community got more members like Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
June 1979- first decided election held to the European parliament.
June 1985- borders controls among the European council were abolished under the schengen agreement.
February 1992- ON February 7th European union was established by the Traty of Maastricht.
January 1995-Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the European union.
January 2002- Euro the new currency was introduced in 12 European union members.
May 2004- European union got an elaborate form with the joining of ten new members- Cyprus the Czech Republic, Estonia.
January 2007- Bulgaria and Romania join the European Union. SLOVENIA adopts the Euro.
2013- Croatia joined EU
2014- Mayotte joined EU
January 2020- United Kingdom withdrew form EU.
UNITED NTIONS AND ITS ORGANIZATIONS
1941- IN AUGUST 1941: SIGNING OF THE ATLANTIC CHARTER BY THE US PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT AND BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WINSTON S. CHURCHILL.
1942- 26 "ALLIED NATIONS" OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR MEET IN WASHINGTON D.C., TO SUPPORT THE ATLANTIC CHARTER AND SIGNED THE "DECLARATION BY THE UNITED NATIONS."
1943- " TEHRAN CONFERENCE" DECLAATION OF THE THREE POWERS i.e.. US, BRITAIN AND SOVIET UNION IN SUPPORT OF UN DECLARATION.
1945-
FEBRUARY 1945= YALTA CONFERENCE CONVENED BY THREE LEADERS, ROOSEVELT, CHURCHILL AND STALIN DECIDED TO ORGANIZE A UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE PROPOSED WORLD ORGANIZATION.
JUNE 26= FINALLY, SIGNING OF THE UN CHARTER BY 50 NATIONS BUT POLAND SIGNED THE CHARTER ON OCT 15. HENCE, UN HAS 51 ORIGINAL FOUNDING MEMBERS.
OCTOBER 24= THE UN WAS FOUNDED AND 24TH OCTOBER IS CELEBRATED AS UN DAY.
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CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING
1948- NIZAM SURRENDERED AFTER INTERMITTENT FIGHTING BETWEEN INDIAN ARMY AND RAZAKARS OF NIZAM
1950- ELECTION COMMISION WAS CONSTITUTED.
+ PLANNING COMMISION WAS CONSTITUTED.
1952- 1ST GENERAL ELECTION ON THE BASIS OF UAF
1953- STATES REORGANIZATION COMMISIO WAS SET UP TO REDRAW THE BOUNDARIES OF THE STTES ON LANGUAGE BASIS.
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INDIA'S FOREIGN POLICY-
1950- china put control over Tibet.
1954- the Panchasheel agreement between India's PM j l Nehru and china's PM Zhou Enlai on 24th April 1954.
1955- Bandung conference
1959- The Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, sought and obtained political asylum in INDIA.
1961- Belgrade conference, the first NAM summit of the NAM
1965- Pakistan's army attacked on India(Pakistan launched armed attack in Rann of Kutch Gujrat followed by a bigger offensive in Jammu and Kashmir).
1971- India signed 20-years treaty of peace and friendship with the soviet union in august- 1971.
1972- Shimla agreement was signed between India and Pakistan after the war of 1971 between Indira Gandhi and Zuleika Ali Bhutto in 1972.
1973- Arab- Israel war leading to hike in oil prices by the Arab nations.
1974- India conducted its first nuclear test in may 1974. India conducted this test to demonstrate its commitment to the policy of using nuclear power only for the peaceful purposes. It was also termed as peaceful explosion.
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