What is political science? For honours students

 

Study of politics includes

✓ Political theory (राजनीतिक सिद्धांत)

✓ political philosophy (राजनीतिक दर्शन)

✓ political science( राजनीतिक विज्ञान).

This three are used as synonyms but they are actually different.

1... Political theory-

✓ explains political phenomena 

✓ involves analytical study of Idea and doctrines that have been Central to political thought.

✓ concerned with ethical and normative questions.

2... Political philosophy-

✓ part of philosophical tradition 

✓ study of abstract thought which deals with politics law and society 

✓ deal with moral and ethical dimensions of politics good and ideal. 

3... Political science-

✓ Developed in 20th century.

✓ political science try to explain analyse Government and other political institutions through empirical and scientific methods

 ✓ political science is a systematic study of state and government.

* Growth of political science (राजनीति विज्ञान का विकास)

1. During ancient time politics is closely related to the Greek word polis which means city state.

2. The study of politics dated back to 5th century BC in Greece.

3. In the writings of Plato and Aristotle.

4. During mediaeval age politics was the matter of church.

5. This time politics amalgamate with religion.

6. During run answer Machiavelli laid the foundation of modern political science.

7. He used empirical observational and investigation method for study of politics.

8. The 19th century the study of politics was integrated with other disciplines such as history economy philosophy law.

9. After late 19th century the study of politics emerged as separate academic discipline.

10. The study of politics as an academic discipline is commonly referred to as political science.

11. Political science as an autonomous discipline dated back to 1880 when John W Berg's established school of political science at the Columbia university.

12. In 1903 American political science association was established. Which emphasized on scientific method of political science through fact collections.

13. In 1906 American political science review was started publishing.

14. Its articles and scholars Frank goodnow James Bryce, Lowell, Woodrow Wilson ideas stressed upon progressive approach to political science.

Athur Bentley Charles medium Harold lasswell stressed upon study of informal process of politics.

The process of government (Authur Bentley.)

New aspects of politics (Charles merrium.)

Politics who gets what when how (Harold lasswell).

That created the foundation for behaviouralism.

Revolution only focuses on theory building unable to deal with actual problems.

In 1969 David Easton rejected the Behaviouralism and advocated for post Behaviouralism.

Which focuses on values and applied knowledge of political science.

*Definition-

1. Traditional definition of political science

A- Political science study of state.

- Bluntschili.

- R.G.Getlel.(political science is the study of state in the past present and future and of political institutions and political theories" )

- J.W.Garner.(political science begins and ends with the state")

B. Political science as study of government.

Seeley (political science investigates the phenomena of government as political economy deals with wealth biology with life algebra with numbers and geometry with space and magnitude" )

Leacock (political science deals with government )

C. Political science as study of state and government both.

-Paul Janet(political science is concerned with the foundation of the state and principles of government)

-Gilchrist(political science deals with the general problems of the state and government).

2. Modern definition of political science-

-David Easton (authoritative allocations of values).

- Lasswell ( politics is the study of shaping and sharing political powers).

-Robert Dahl (the political system is any persistent pattern of human relationships that involves to a significant extent power rule or authority").