Important dates and terms of Chapter- Nationalism in India (class 10)-History

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1. SATYAGRAHA::

It means holding on to truth or truth forces. Gandhiji in the Indian National Movement. It persuades the opponent to understand the truth.

2. CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT (1916)::

it was a movement of workers in the Indigo plantations of the Champaran district of Bihar. It was against the oppressive plantation system. 

3. KHEDA MOVEMENT (1917)::

Crop failure and plague epidemic made the life of the farmers miserable in the Kheda district of Gujarat. So, they started a movement under Gandhiji's leadership with the demand for a reduction in inland revenue.

4. Mill WORKERS MOVEMENT::

low wages and poor working conditions forced the mill workers of Ahmedabad to start a movement under Gandhiji's leadership in 1918.

5. ROWLATT ACT (1919)::

This act gave the government the power to imprison any person without any trial for a period of 2 years.

6. JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE::

On 13 April 1919, a public meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the address of national leaders. Many villagers who came to attend a fair were also present in the park. General Dyer reached the meeting place along with the British troops. He ordered the troops to fire. The firing lasted for nearly 10 minutes. More than a thousand people were killed and many were wounded. This incident is called the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

7. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT ::

It was a movement organized by Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali (Ali brothers) to protest against the injustice done to Turkey by Britain after the first world war. The Turkish Sultan had the title of Caliph. The Muslims considered him as their spiritual leader. So, many Muslims joined this movement.

8. SWARAJ::

It is a system in which the real political powers are in the hands of the elected representatives of the people. At the same time, India will continue to be a part of the British Empire. It is similar to the dominion status.

9. POORNA SWARAJ::

It means complete freedom. India will cut all relations with the British and became a sovereign democratic republic.

10. HIND SWARAJ:: 

It is a famous book written by Gandhiji. Gandhiji put forward the idea of non-cooperation in this book.

11. NAGPUR CONGRESS::

The congress session was held at Nagpur in 1920. Congress adopted the non-cooperation programme in this season.

12.JUSTICE PARTY::

It was a party of non-brahmins of Madras. It decided not to Boycott council elections during the period of the non-cooperation movement.

13. BABA RAMCHANDRA:: 

He led a peasants movement in Awadh against Talukdars and Landlords. He demanded a reduction of rent, the abolition of begar and the boycott of landlords. In October 1920, he formed Oudh Kisan sabha with the help of Nehru.

14. NAI-DHOBI BANDH:: 

The villages of Awadh decided to Boycott the landlords. So, they started nai-dhobi bandh. The landlords were denied the service of barbers and washermen.

15. ALLURI SITARAM RAJU::

He led a movement of the tribal people in the Gudem hills of Andhra-Pradesh. Many people considered him as an incarnation of God. They believed that he had many special powers. He supported Gandhiji and asked his followers to wear khadi and stop drinking. But, he organized an armed struggle against the British.

16. SIMON COMMISSION::

It was a statutory commission set up by the British under Sir John Simon. It was asked to study the constitutional system in India and suggest changes.

17. ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE::

Round table conferences were held in London to discuss constitutional reforms in India. British officers and some Indians attended these conferences. Congress attended only the second conference.

18. SALT TAX::

Production of salt was the monopoly of the British government. The heavy tax was imposed on salt by the government.

19. SALT MARCH( SALT SATYAGRAHA)::

Gandhiji decided to inaugurate the civil disobedience movement by breaking the salt law. Gandhiji and 78 of his followers started in March on foot from Sabarmati ashram to Dandi(Dandi March). On 6th April 1919, they reached Dandi. Gandhiji prepared salt by using seawater, broke the salt law, and inaugurated the movement.

20. ABDUL GHAFFAR KHAN::

He is popularly known as Frontier Gandhi. He was the main leader of the National Movement in the northwest frontier province. He organized the tribal people for India's freedom struggle.

21. GANDHI IRWIN PACT::

It was signed between Gandhiji and Lord Irwin on 5th March 1931. Gandhiji agreed to call off the civil disobedience movement. He also agreed to attend the second round table conference. Irwin promised to release the political prisoners.

22. B.R AMBEDKAR:: 

He was the main leader of the Dalit movement. He started the depressed classes association in 1930. He demanded separate electorates for the Dalits. He fought against untouchability. Later, he served as the chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution.

23. SEPARATE ELECTORATE::

 It is a system in which the members of a particular social group will elect their own separate representative to the legislature. The other people of the area will elect another representative.

24. POONA PACT::

It was signed between Gandhiji and Ambedkar, in September 1932. Gandhiji brought an end to his fast. He accepted the demand for the reservation of seats for Dalits in the legislature. Ambedkar agreed to give up the demand for separate electorates.

25. HINDU MAHASABHA::

It was a Hindu communal organization. It demanded special rights for the Hindus.

24. FORCED. RECRUITMENT- 

A process by which the colonial state forced people to join the army.

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1. The first world war started in 1914.

2. Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in January 1915.

3. The Rowlatt Act was implemented in 1919.

4. The non-cooperation movement started in 1921 and ended in 1922.

5. Simon's commission was formed in 1927.

6. Year of Great economic depression-1927.

7. The civil disobedience movement started in 1930 and ended in 1931.

8. The second round table conference was held in London in 1932.

 9. The quit India movement started in 1942.

10. India got independence in 1947.